แนวคิดสำหรับการปรับปรุงขบวนการผลิตที่อิ่มตัว
การปรับปรุงแบบ Re engineering และแบบ Kaizen ซึ่งความแตกต่างของทั้งสองแบบคือ การปรับปรุงแบบ Re engineering เป็นการปรับปรุงที่เห็นผลแบบก้าวกระโดดครับ คิดใหม่ทำใหม่ซึ่งแม้ว่าจะเห็นผลแบบก้าวกระโดดแต่ก็ต้องลงทุนสูงเหมือนกันเพราะต้องเกี่ยวข้องกับนวัตกรรมใหม่ๆ และ/หรือ เทคโนโลยีใหม่ๆ และอาศัยการพัฒนาจากบนลงล่าง ส่วน Kaizen เป็นการปรับปรุงแบบค่อยเป็นค่อยไป ผลลัพธ์จะเป็นการพัฒนาแบบขั้นบันไดไม่หวือหวาเหมือน Re engineering แต่ข้อดีของ Kaizen คือต้นทุนต่ำ(เจ้านายชอบ) เพราะไม่ต้องอาศัยนวัตกรรมใหม่ๆ และ/หรือ เทคโนโลยีใหม่ๆ มากนัก และเป็นการพัฒนาแบบข้างล่างขึ้นสู่ข้างบน ส่วนรายละเอียดอื่นๆ ท่านที่สนใจสามารถค้นคว้าได้ตาม internet ครับ
โพสต์นี้ผมจะนำเสนอแนวคิดในการปรับปรุงขบวนการที่อิ่มตัวแล้วแบบ Kaizen ครับ เราไม่ต้องทำการลือขบวนการใหม่แต่อาศัยการปรับปรุงเล็กๆน้อยๆ เพื่อความชัดเจนให้พิจารณา model ตามรูปข้างล่างครับ
จากรูปนี้เราจะเห็นว่า output ของขบวนการเราจะมีประสิทธิภาพหรือไม่เราวัดกันที่ variance ของ output ซึ่งถ้าเราพิจารณาด้านซ้ายก็เช่นกันเราจะเห็น variances ของ input ซึ่งจะมากจะน้อยขึ้นอยู่กับความซับซอนของขบวนการเราครับ แนวคิดในการปรับปรุงก็ง่ายๆ ครับ (แต่ทำยาก) คือพยายามมองหา inputs ต่างๆ และทำการศึกษาพฤติกรรมของมันแล้วหาทางลด ซึ่งถ้าเราทำการลด variances ฝั่ง input ได้แน่นอนว่าฝั่ง output ก็จะลดตาม
Labels: Management
Artigos Relacionados:APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning)
New products and services typically require the engagement with a supply chain group that provides products and innovation that becomes crucial for successful launch. The difficult challenges facing organizations today make it virtually impossible to retain in-house capability for all aspects of product realization.
APQP utilizes the Plan, Study, Do, Act modelAdvanced Product Quality Planning is an approach where the supply chain is engaged with the Original Equipment Manufacturer or originator of the service being planned. APQP (or AQP when products are not the primary deliverable) ensures that Collaborative Product and Process Design (CPPD) takes place. CPPD is a way to ensure that the design not only meets with the future customers’ expectations, but also allows the intelligent inclusion and inputs of the supply chain and interfacing groups to discuss better ways to design out failures, increase productivity and keep an eye on quality.
Special Characteristics are developed early in APQP. Characteristics begin from new product requirements and past failures which then evolve into actionable items/features/dimensions during the Design FMEA activity and are carried forward to the Process FMEA. These characteristics are the basis for a great deal of the risk assessment and control plan strategy.
Planning for quality requires discipline and the use of various tools and techniques properly deployed at the correct time for the benefits of APQP to be achieved. QAI has successfully prepared and deployed APQP planning efforts for many products and services. The results of which can be seen in automobiles, golf cars, medical devices, banking services, motorcycles, farm and heavy machinery.
Advanced Product Quality Planning in New Products and Services
APQP is typically deployed in 5 concurrent and collaborative phases.
- Plan and Define
- Product Design and Develop
- Process Design and Develop
- Product and Process Validation
- Continuous Improvement and Feedback

- Can the product/process be error proofed?
- Mistake Proofing is reserved for the last question in this series.
- Can the Product or Process achieve a higher level of capability through tolerance design and/or process variation reduction?
- Greater tolerance
- CP index calculation for future CP(k) achievement.
- What Controls must be developed to ensure that the defects cannot reach a customer?
APQP for Product or Process change
The same tools which make APQP valuable for new designs and processes also make it valuable when changes come. Change is inevitable. The tracking and evaluating in a technical sense reduces the possibility of mistakes and errors which can drive additional problems. Change can come from many common improvement techniques today.
Six Sigma, Toyota Production System and problem resolution processes all require some measure of change to advance their goals or improvement. Repeat failures and new failures driven from changes to solve older failures account for over half of the problems reported by customers. APQP provides the structure and discipline which assures that additional errors and new problems will not come of the change that is currently planned.
Labels: Management
Artigos Relacionados:Standard Reverse Osmosis Systems Minimize Installed Capital Costs
Raw Water Pretreatment No matter where your make-up water comes from, it may contain contaminants that can foul or damage downstream equipment and affect the final process water quality. Also, surface water, well water or reclaimed water can contain suspended solids, colloidal matter, organics, hardness, silica, iron, manganese and other contaminants. Siemens can assist you in selecting the proper water pretreatment system for your process that is efficient, reliable and cost-effective design, regardless of how challenging your water treatment needs may be.
Labels: Management
Artigos Relacionados:The 7 quality management tools (Basic Concept)
The Japanese began applying the thinking developed by Walter Shewhart and W Edward Deming during the 1930s and 1940s. Japan's progress in continuous improvement led to the expansion of the use of these tools.
oru Ishikawa, the then head of the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE), thus, decided to expand the use of these approaches in Japanese manufacturing in the 1960s with the introduction of the seven quality control (7QC) tools.
The Pareto chart is named after Wilfredo Pareto, the Italian economist who determined that wealth is not evenly distributed. The chart shows the distribution of items and arranges them from the most frequent to the least frequent, with the final bar being miscellaneous.
This tool is used to figure out any possible causes of a problem. It allows a team to identify, explore, and graphically display, in increasing detail, all of the possible causes related to a problem or condition to discover its root cause(s).
The histogram is a bar chart showing a distribution of variables. This tool helps identify the cause of problems in a process by the shape as well as the width of the distribution. It shows a bar chart of accumulated data and provides the easiest way to evaluate the distribution of data.
Then there's the scatter diagram, which shows the pattern of relationship between two variables that are thought to be related.
The closer the points are to the diagonal line, the more closely there is a one-to-one relationship. The scatter diagram is a graphical tool that plots many data points and shows a pattern of correlation between two variables.
Graphs are among the simplest and best techniques to analyse and display data for easy communication in a visual format. Data can be depicted graphically using bar graphs, line charts, pie charts and control charts. While the first three are commonly used, the last is a line chart with control limits.
By mathematically constructing control limits at three standard deviations above and below the average, one can determine what variation is due to normal ongoing causes (common causes) and what variation is produced by unique events (special causes).
By eliminating the special causes first and then reducing common causes, quality can be improved. Control chart provides control limits that are three standard deviations above and below average, whether or not our process is in control.
This tool enables the user to monitor, control and improve process performance over time by studying variation and its source.
Labels: Management
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